Bismi Allahi arrahmani arraheem
tafseer
Before
we mention the particular incident about which this Surah was sent
down, it is necessary to have a look at the history of the hypocrites of
Madinah, for the incident that occurred on this occasion was not a
chance happening but had a whole series of events behind it, which
ultimately led up to it.
Before
the Holy Prophet's emigration to Madinah the tribes of the Aus and the
Khazraj, fed up with their mutual rivalries and civil wars, had almost
agreed on the leadership of one man and were making preparations to
crown him their king. This was Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, the chief
of the Khazraj. Muhammad bin Ishaq has stated that among the people of
Khazraj his authority was never contested and never had the Aus and the
Khazraj rallied to one man before this. (Ibn Hisham, vol. II, p. 234)
Such
were the conditions when the voice of Islam reached Madinah and the
influential people of both the tribes started becoming Muslims. When
before the Emigration, invitation was being extended to the Holy Prophet
(upon whom be Allah'> peace) to come to Madinah, Hadarat Abbas bin
Ubadah bin Nadlah Ansari wanted to defer this invitation for the reason
that Abdullah bin Ubayy also might join in the declaration of allegiance
and invitation to the Holy Prophet, so that Madinah might become the
center of Islam by common consent. But the delegation that arrived in
Makkah to declare their allegiance did not give any importance to the
proposal of Abbas bin Ubadah, and a11 its members, who included 75 men
from both the tribes, became ready to invite the Holy Prophet in the
face of every danger.(lbn Hisham, vol. II, P. 89). We have given the
details of this event in the Introduction to Surah Al-Anfal.
Then,
when the Holy Prophet arrived in Madinah, Islam had so deeply
penetrated every house of the Ansar that Abdullah bin Ubayy became
helpless and did not see any other way to save his leadership than to
become a Muslim himself. So, he entered Islam along with many of his
followers from among the chiefs and leaders of both the tribes although
their hearts were burning with rage from within. Ibn Ubayy in particular
was filled with grief, for the Holy Prophet (upon whom be Allah's
peace) had deprived him of his kingship. For several years his
hypocritical faith and grief of being deprived of his kingdom manifested
itself in different ways. On the one hand, when on Fridays the Holy
Prophet (upon whom be Allah's peace) took his seat to deliver the
Sermon, Abdullah bin Ubayy would stand up and say "O people, the
Messenger of Allah is present among you, by whom Allah has honored you;
therefore, you should support him and listen to what he says and obey
him." (Ibn Hisham, vol. III, p. 111). On the other, his hypocrisy was
being exposed day by day and the true Muslims were realizing that he and
his followers bore great malice against Islam, the Holy Prophet and the
Muslims.
Once
when the Holy Prophet was passing on the way Abdullah bin Ubayy spoke
to him in harsh words. When the Holy Prophet complained of it to Hadrat
Sa'd bin Ubadah; he said:"O Messenger of Allah, don't be hard on him,
for when Allah sent you to us we were making a diadem to crown him, and,
by God, he thinks that you have robbed him of his kingdom." (Ibn Hisham
vol: II, pp. 237-238).
After
the Battle of Badr when the Holy Prophet (upon whom be Allah's peace)
invaded the Jewish tribe of Bani Qainuqa on their breaking the agreement
and un provoked revolt, this man stood up in support of them, and
holding the Holy Prophet by his armor, said:"These 700 fighters have
been helping and protecting me against every enemy; would you cut them
down in one morning?By God, I will not leave you until you pardon my
clients." (Ibn Hisham, vol. III, pp. 5l- 52).
On
the occasion of the Battle of Uhud this man committed open treachery
and withdrew from the battlefield with 300 of his companions. One should
note that at this critical moment when he so acted, the Quraish had
marched upon Madinah with 3,000 troops and the Holy Prophet had marched
out with only 1,000 men to resist them. Of these 1,000 this hypocrite
broke away with 300 men and the Holy Prophet was left with only 700 men
to meet 3,000 troops of the enemy in the field.
After
this incident the common Muslims of Madinah came to realize fully that
he was certainly a hypocrite and his those Companions also were found
who were his associates in hypocrisy. That is why when on the very first
Friday, after the Battle of Uhud, this man stood up as usual to make a
speech before the Holy Prophet's Sermon, the people pulled at his
garment, saying "Sit down you are not worthy to say such things." That
was the first occasion in Madinah when this man was publicly disgraced.
Thereupon he was so filled with rage that he left the mosque jumping
over the heads of the people. At the door of the Mosque some of the
Ansar said to him, "What are you doing?Go back and ask the Holy Prophet
(upon whom be Allah's peace) to pray for your forgiveness." He retorted
"I do not, want him to pray for my forgiveness." (Ibn Hisham, vol. III,
p. 111).
Then
in A. H. 4 the Battle of Bani an-Nadir took place. On this occasion he
and his companions supported the enemies of Islam even more openly. On
the one side, the Holy Prophet (upon whom be Allah's peace) and his
devoted Companions were preparing for war against their enemy, the Jews,
and on the other, these hypocrites were secretly sending messages to
the Jews to the effect: "Stand firm we are with you: if you are
attacked, we will help you, and if you are driven out, we too will go
out with you." The secret of this intrigue was exposed by Allah Himself,
as has been explained in Surah Al-Hashr: 11-17 above.
But
in spite of being so exposed the reason why the Holy Prophet (upon whom
be Allah's peace) was still treating him kindly was that he had a large
band of the hypocrites behind him. Many of the chiefs of both the Aus
and the Khazraj were his supporters. At least a third of the population
of Madinah consisted of his companions, as became manifest on the
occasion of the Battle of Uhud. Under such conditions it was not prudent
to wage a war with these internal enemies combined with the external
enemies. On this very account, in spite of being fully aware of their
hypocrisy the Holy Prophet continued to deal with them according to
their apparent profession of faith for a long time. On the other hand,
these people too neither possessed the power nor the courage to fight
the believers openly as disbelievers, or to join hands with an invader
and face them in the battlefield. Apparently they were a strong hand but
inwardly they had the weakness which Allah has vividly portrayed in
Surah Al-Hashr: 12-14. Therefore; they thought their well being lay only
in posing as Muslims. They came to the mosque, offered the prayers gave
away the zakat, and would make tall oral claims to the faith, which the
true Muslims never felt the need to do. They would offer a thousand
justifications for each of their hypocritical acts by which they would
try to deceive their compatriots, the Ansar, into believing that they
were with them. By these designs they were not only saving themselves
from the disadvantages which could naturally accrue if they separated
themselves from the Ansar brotherhood, but also taking advantage of the
opportunities to make mischief which were available to them as members
of the Muslim brotherhood.
These
were the causes which enabled Abdullah bin Ubayy and like minded
hypocrites to get an opportunity to accompany the Holy Prophet (upon
whom be Allah's peace) in his campaign against the Bani al-Mustaliq, and
they simultaneously engineered two great mischiefs which could shatter
the Muslim unity to pieces. However, by virtue of the wonderful training
in discipline that the Muslim; had received through the pure teaching
of the Quran and the companionship of the Holy Prophet (upon whom be
peace) both mischiefs were stopped in time, and the hypocrites
themselves were disgraced instead. One of these was the mischief that
has been mentioned in Surah An-Nur above, and the other which has been
mentioned in this Surah.
This
incident has been related by Bukhari, Muslim, Ahmad, Nasai, Tirmidhi,
Baihaqi, Tabari, Ibn Marduyah, Abdur Razzaq, lbn Jarir Tabari, Ibn Sa'd
and Muhammad bin Ishaq through many reliable channels. In some
traditions the expedition in which it took place has not been named, and
in others it has been connected with the Battle of Tabuk. But the
authorities on the battles fought by the Holy Prophet and history are
agreed that this incident took place on the occasion of the campaign
against the Bani al- Mustaliq. The following seems to he the real story
when all the traditions are read together.
When
after crushing down the power of Bani al- Mustaliq the Islamic army had
made a halt in the settlement at the well of al Muraisi. Suddenly a
dispute arose between two men on taking water from the well; One of them
was Jehjah bin Masud Ghifari, a servant of Hadrat Umar appointed to
lead his horse. The other was Sinan bin Wabar al-Juhani, whose tribe was
an ally of a clan of the Khazraj. Harsh words between them led to
fighting and Jehjah kicked Sinan, which the Ansar, on account of their
ancient Yamanite tradition, took as a great insult and disgrace. At this
Sinan called out the men of Ansar and Jehjah the Emigrants for help.
Hearing about the quarrel Ibn Ubayy started inciting and calling the men
of the Aus and the Khazraj to come out and help their ally. From the
other side some Emigrants also came out. The dispute might have led to a
fight between the Ansar and the Muhajirin themselves at the very place
where they had just fought an enemy tribe jointly and crushing it had
halted in its own territory. But hearing the noise the Holy Prophet
(upon whom be peace) emerged and said :"what is this call of paganism?
What have you to do with such a call? Leave it, it is a dirty thing."
Thereupon the leading men of the two sides met and settled the dispute;
Sinan pardoned Jehjah and peace was restored.
After
this every person whose heart was disaffected came to Abdullah bin
Ubayy and they all said to him, "Until now we had our hopes attached to
you and you were protecting us, but now it seems you have become a
helper of these paupers against us. Ibn Ubayy was already enraged: These
words made him burst out, thus: "This is what you have done to
yourselves. You have given these people shelter in your country, and
have divided your property among them. So much so that they have now
become our rivals. Nothing so fits us and the paupers of Quraish(or the
Companions of Muhammad) as the ancient saying 'Feed your dog to fatten
it and it will devour you.' If you hold back your property from them,
they would go elsewhere. By God, when we return to Madinah, the
honorable ones will drive out from it the mean ones."
Zaid
bin Arqam, a young boy, also happened to be present in the assembly at
that time. He heard this and mentioned it before his uncle, and his
uncle who was one of the Ansar chiefs went to the Holy Prophet (upon
whom be peace) and told him the whole story. The Holy Prophet called
Zaid and asked him what had happened and he repeated every word of what
he had heard. The Holy Prophet said, "Zaid, you are perhaps displeased
with Ibn Ubayy; you might have been mistaken in hearing; you. might have
imagined Ibn Ubayy said this." But Zaid was sure and firm. He said,
"No, I swear by God I have heard him say this and that." Thereupon the
Holy Prophet called Ibn Ubayy, and he came and swore that he had not
said any such thing. The people of the Ansar also said "Sir, a boy says
this: he might have been mistaken in what he heard lbn Ubayy is a
venerable old man and our chief. Do not believe what a boy says against
him." The elderly people of the tribe reproved Zaid also, who became
depressed and held his peace. But the Holy Prophet knew Zaid as well as
Abdullah bin Ubayy. Therefore, he fully understood what had actually
happened.
When
Hadrat Umar came to know of this, he came to the Holy Prophet and
said:"Please allow me to put this hypocrite to the sword. Or, if you do
not think it is fit to give me the permission you may tell Muadh bin
Jabal, or Abbad bin Bishr, or Sad bin Mu'adh, or Muhammad bin Maslamah
from among the Ansar, to go and kill him."But the Holy Prophet said:
"No, the people will say Muhammad kills his own Companions." After this
he ordered the people to set off immediately, although it was at a time
when the Holy Prophet was not accustomed to travel. The forced march
continued for 30 hours at a stretch so that the people became exhausted.
Then he halted, and as soon as they touched the ground they fell
asleep. This he did to distract their minds from what had happened at
the well of al-Muraisi. On the way, Hadrat Usaid bin Hudair, an Ansar
chief, met the Holy Prophet, and said:"O Messenger of Allah, today you
ordered the people to set off at a time which was disagreeable for
traveling, a thing you have never done before."The Holy Prophet replied:
"Have you. not heard of what your friend said?" When he asked who he
meant, the Holy Prophet replied:Abdullah bin Ubayy. He asked what he had
said. The Holy Prophet answered: "He has asserted that when he returns
to Madinah the honorable ones will drive out from it the mean ones. He
answered : "By God, O Messenger of Allah, you are the honorable one and
he is the mean one; you will drive him out whenever you want to."
- Transliteration: Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim.
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
1.
إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ قَالُوا نَشْهَدُ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُ
اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُهُ وَاللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ
إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لَكَاذِبُونَ
2. اتَّخَذُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ جُنَّةً فَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ سَاءَ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ
3. ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا فَطُبِعَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ فَهُمْ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ
4.
وَإِذَا رَأَيْتَهُمْ تُعْجِبُكَ أَجْسَامُهُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ يَقُولُوا
تَسْمَعْ لِقَوْلِهِمْ ۖ كَأَنَّهُمْ خُشُبٌ مُسَنَّدَةٌ ۖ يَحْسَبُونَ
كُلَّ صَيْحَةٍ عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ هُمُ الْعَدُوُّ فَاحْذَرْهُمْ ۚ قَاتَلَهُمُ
اللَّهُ ۖ أَنَّىٰ يُؤْفَكُونَ
5.
وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ تَعَالَوْا يَسْتَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ
لَوَّوْا رُءُوسَهُمْ وَرَأَيْتَهُمْ يَصُدُّونَ وَهُمْ مُسْتَكْبِرُونَ
6.
سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَسْتَغْفَرْتَ لَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تَسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ
لَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ
الْفَاسِقِينَ
7.
هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ لَا تُنْفِقُوا عَلَىٰ مَنْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ
اللَّهِ حَتَّىٰ يَنْفَضُّوا ۗ وَلِلَّهِ خَزَائِنُ السَّمَاوَاتِ
وَالْأَرْضِ وَلَٰكِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ
8.
يَقُولُونَ لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَيُخْرِجَنَّ الْأَعَزُّ
مِنْهَا الْأَذَلَّ ۚ وَلِلَّهِ الْعِزَّةُ وَلِرَسُولِهِ
وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلَٰكِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
9.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُلْهِكُمْ أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَلَا
أَوْلَادُكُمْ عَنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَٰلِكَ فَأُولَٰئِكَ
هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ
10.
وَأَنْفِقُوا مِنْ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ
أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ فَيَقُولَ رَبِّ لَوْلَا أَخَّرْتَنِي إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ
قَرِيبٍ فَأَصَّدَّقَ وَأَكُنْ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ 11. وَلَنْ يُؤَخِّرَ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِذَا جَاءَ أَجَلُهَا ۚ وَاللَّه
- Transliteration: Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim.
Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem
- Izaa jaaa'akal munaafiqoona qaaloo nashhadu innaka la rasoolul laah; wallaahu ya'lamu innaka la rasooluhoo wallaahu yashhadu innal munaafiqeena lakaaziboon
- Ittakhazoo aymaanahum junnatan fasaddoo 'an sabeelil laah; innahum saaa'a maa kaanoo ya'maloon
- Zaalika bi annahum aamanoo summa kafaroo fatubi'a 'alaa quloobihim fahum laa yafqahoon
- Wa izaa ra aytahum tu'jibuka ajsaamuhum wa iny yaqooloo tasma' liqawlihim ka'annahum khushubum musannadah; yahsaboona kulla saihatin 'alaihim; humul 'aduwwu fahzarhum; qaatalahumul laahu annaa yu'fakoon
- Wa izaa qeela lahum ta'aalaw yastaghfir lakum rasoolul laahi lawwaw ru'oo sahum wa ra aytahum yasuddoona wa hum mustakbiroon
- Sawaaa'un 'alaihim as taghfarta lahum am lam tastaghfir lahum lany yaghfiral laahu lahum; innal laaha laa yahdil qawmal faasiqeen
- Humul lazeena yaqooloona laa tunfiqoo 'alaa man inda Rasoolil laahi hatta yanfaddoo; wa lillaahi khazaaa' inus samaawaati wal ardi wa laakinnal munaafiqeena la yafqahoon
- Yaqooloona la'ir raja'naaa ilal madeenati la yukhrijannal a'azzu minhal azall; wa lillaahil 'izzatu wa li Rasoolihee wa lilmu'mineena wa laakinnal munaafiqeena laa ya'lamoon
- Yaaa ayyuhal lazeena aamanoo la tulhikum amwaalukum wa laa awlaadukum 'anzikril laah; wa mai-yaf'al zaalika fa-ulaaa'ika humul khaasiroon
- Wa anfiqoo mim maa razaqnaakum min qabli any-ya'tiya ahadakumul mawtu fa yaqoola rabbi law laaa akhkhartaneee ilaaa ajalin qareebin fa assaddaqa wa akum minassaaliheen
- Wa lany yu 'akhkhiral laahu nafsan izaa jaaa'a ajaluhaa; wallaahu khabeerum bimaa ta'maloon
- Transliteration: Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim.
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
- When the Hypocrites come to thee, they say, "We bear witness that thou art indeed the Messenger of Allah." Yea, Allah knoweth that thou art indeed His Messenger, and Allah beareth witness that the Hypocrites are indeed liars.
- They have made their oaths a screen (for their misdeeds): thus they obstruct (men) from the Path of Allah: truly evil are their deeds.
- That is because they believed, then they rejected Faith: So a seal was set on their hearts: therefore they understand not.
- When thou lookest at them, their exteriors please thee; and when they speak, thou listenest to their words. They are as (worthless as hollow) pieces of timber propped up, (unable to stand on their own). They think that every cry is against them. They are the enemies; so beware of them. The curse of Allah be on them! How are they deluded (away from the Truth)!
- And when it is said to them, "Come, the Messenger of Allah will pray for your forgiveness", they turn aside their heads, and thou wouldst see them turning away their faces in arrogance.
- It is equal to them whether thou pray for their forgiveness or not. Allah will not forgive them. Truly Allah guides not rebellious transgressors.
- They are the ones who say, "Spend nothing on those who are with Allah´s Messenger, to the end that they may disperse (and quit Medina)." But to Allah belong the treasures of the heavens and the earth; but the Hypocrites understand not.
- They say, "If we return to Medina, surely the more honourable (element) will expel therefrom the meaner." But honour belongs to Allah and His Messenger, and to the Believers; but the Hypocrites know not.
- O ye who believe! Let not your riches or your children divert you from the remembrance of Allah. If any act thus, the loss is their own.
- and spend something (in charity) out of the substance which We have bestowed on you, before Death should come to any of you and he should say, "O my Lord! why didst Thou not give me respite for a little while? I should then have given (largely) in charity, and I should have been one of the doers of good".
- But to no soul will Allah grant respite when the time appointed (for it) has come; and Allah is well acquainted with (all) that ye do.
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